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Expectation-based sentence parsing models are supported by antilocality effects. Our study confirms this effect for complex determiners, challenging memory-based accounts and suggesting both memory and expectation effects can coexist.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Antilocality effects support expectation-based sentence parsing.
  • Previous research focused on argument-verb dependencies in verb-final constructions.
  • Memory-retrieval accounts were considered equally adequate for these dependencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate expectation-based vs. memory-based sentence parsing accounts.
  • To test if expectation/memory principles apply to a wider range of dependencies.
  • To examine antilocality effects with different German determiners: 'derjenige' and 'der'.

Main Methods:

  • Two self-paced reading experiments were conducted.
  • Experiment 1 had low statistical power; Experiment 2 was large-scale with design improvements.
  • German determiners 'derjenige' (complex, requires relative clause) and 'der' (bare, no expectation) were compared.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1 did not yield a significant antilocality effect due to low power.
  • Experiment 2 provided evidence for an antilocality effect with the complex determiner 'derjenige'.
  • This effect did not involve argument-verb dependencies, ruling out extension of memory-based accounts.

Conclusions:

  • Findings offer novel empirical support for expectation-based antilocality effects.
  • The results challenge the generalizability of memory-based accounts to this dependency type.
  • Evidence suggests memory- and expectation-based effects can co-occur in sentence processing.