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Association of thyroid function with insulin resistance: data from two population-based studies.

Dominik Spira1, Nikolaus Buchmann2, Marcus Dörr3,4

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

European Thyroid Journal
|January 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Higher levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) are linked to insulin resistance, but this association weakens with age. This suggests age-related changes may modify the thyroid-glucose metabolism interaction.

Keywords:
agediabetesinsulin resistancelifespanthyroid function

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction impacts glucose metabolism.
  • Thyroid function changes with aging.
  • Insulin resistance is a key metabolic risk factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the association between thyroid function and insulin resistance.
  • Examine potential age-related modifications in this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 4193 participants from two independent studies.
  • Assessed insulin resistance using HOMA-IR and ISI.
  • Analyzed associations of TSH, FT4, and fT3 with glucose metabolism markers via regression models.

Main Results:

  • Higher fT3 levels correlated with increased fasting glucose, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and impaired fasting glucose risk.
  • These associations were significant in younger and middle-aged adults but diminished in older individuals.
  • Free triiodothyronine (fT3) showed consistent links to insulin resistance markers.

Conclusions:

  • Free triiodothyronine (fT3) is consistently associated with insulin resistance markers.
  • The impact of thyroid function on glucose metabolism may be age-dependent.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate causal pathways.