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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

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Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
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Pulse01:05

Pulse

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The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
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Stroke Volume Determination by Echocardiography.

Michael Sattin1, Zain Burhani1, Atul Jaidka1

  • 1University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

Chest
|January 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Basic critical care echocardiography can be enhanced by estimating stroke volume (SV). This helps clinicians assess cardiac function and shock, integrating two-dimensional findings with hemodynamic significance for better patient management.

Keywords:
critical care echocardiographyleft ventricular outflow tractpulsed-wave Dopplerstroke volumeultrasoundvelocity-time integral

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Cardiovascular imaging
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Basic critical care echocardiography (2D) focuses on visual assessment, often excluding quantitative data.
  • This limits understanding the hemodynamic impact of observed 2D abnormalities.
  • Assessing shock requires integrating imaging findings with physiological data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the technique for estimating stroke volume (SV) using echocardiography.
  • To explain how SV estimation contextualizes 2D echocardiographic findings in critical care.
  • To provide a systematic approach for integrating SV measurements into clinical decision-making for shock.

Main Methods:

  • Review of echocardiographic techniques for stroke volume determination.
  • Discussion of confounding factors and potential pitfalls in SV measurement.
  • Proposal of a systematic integration of SV with 2D echocardiographic findings.

Main Results:

  • Stroke volume (SV) serves as a pragmatic indicator of cardiac contribution to shock.
  • SV estimation allows for rapid hemodynamic assessment, complementing 2D findings.
  • Contextualizing 2D abnormalities with SV improves understanding of their clinical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Estimating stroke volume (SV) is crucial for interpreting 2D echocardiographic findings in critical care.
  • SV measurement enhances the hemodynamic assessment of patients in shock.
  • A systematic approach integrating SV and 2D echocardiography improves clinical management.