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Meal Duration as a Measure of Orofacial Nociceptive Responses in Rodents
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Nociceptor Neurons Magnify Host Responses to Aggravate Periodontitis.

S Wang1, X Nie1, Y Siddiqui1

  • 1Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|January 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Nerve cells expressing TRPV1 play a key role in periodontitis, a gum disease causing bone loss. Targeting these pain-sensing nerves can reduce bone destruction and inflammation, offering new treatment strategies.

Keywords:
TRPV1bone resorptionchemogeneticsnociceptorsprimary afferentsresiniferatoxin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease causing tooth loss.
  • Nociceptive nerves, expressing TRPV1, are present in periodontal tissues, but their role in periodontitis is unclear.
  • Understanding neuro-immune interactions is crucial for periodontitis treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nociceptive nerves, specifically TRPV1-expressing afferents, in periodontitis-induced bone destruction.
  • To determine if targeting these nerves can mitigate periodontal bone loss and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Established mouse models of experimental periodontitis using ligature or bacterial inoculation.
  • Utilized chemical ablation (resiniferatoxin) and chemogenetic silencing (DREADD) of nociceptive neurons.
  • Assessed alveolar bone loss, osteoclast numbers, immune cell infiltration, and cytokine levels.
  • Analyzed periodontal microbiome composition.

Main Results:

  • Ablation of nociceptive neurons significantly reduced alveolar bone loss and osteoclast formation in periodontitis models.
  • Chemogenetic silencing of TRPV1 afferents decreased periodontitis induction and progression.
  • Nociceptor ablation lowered leukocyte and neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
  • Periodontal microbiome composition remained unaffected by nociceptor ablation.

Conclusions:

  • TRPV1-expressing afferents exacerbate bone destruction in periodontitis by enhancing host immune responses.
  • Targeting neuroimmune and neuroskeletal pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.