Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Isolation Protocol: A Systematic Review.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Stem Cell Biology
• Periodontology

Background:

• Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) hold significant therapeutic potential.
• Existing literature on PDLSC isolation and characterization presents conflicting results.
• A comprehensive understanding of isolation method impacts on PDLSC properties is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and compare the effects of different isolation methods on PDLSC properties.
• To analyze how factors like developmental stage, donor age, and tissue health influence PDLSC characteristics.
• To identify optimal protocols for reliable PDLSC isolation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of studies on PDLSC isolation and characterization.
• Comparative analysis of PDLSC properties (clonogenicity, viability, marker expression, morphology, differentiation, regeneration) based on isolation techniques.
• Evaluation of influencing parameters: teeth developmental stages, donor age, periodontal ligament health, and PDLSC source.

Main Results:

• PDLSCs can be successfully isolated from teeth across all developmental stages, donor ages, and periodontal ligament health conditions.
• The non-enzymatic digestion method (explant or outgrowth technique) is identified as a suitable protocol for PDLSC isolation.
• Isolation method significantly impacts PDLSC properties, highlighting the need for standardized protocols.

Conclusions:

• The explant/outgrowth technique offers a reliable method for PDLSC isolation.
• Standardization of isolation protocols is crucial for consistent and reproducible PDLSC research.
• Further research should focus on optimizing isolation methods to enhance PDLSC therapeutic potential.