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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Digital Health Promotion and Prevention in Settings: Scoping Review.

Anna Lea Stark1, Cornelia Geukes1, Christoph Dockweiler2

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Digital health promotion and prevention in everyday settings like schools and healthcare facilities is a growing research area. However, more studies are needed to understand how digital tools can create lasting structural changes for better public health outcomes.

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behavior changeeHealthhealth preventionhealth promotioninternetmobile phonesetting approachtechnologyweb-based intervention

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Health Promotion
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Digital technologies are increasingly integrated into daily environments such as schools, healthcare facilities, and sport clubs.
  • These settings are crucial for health promotion and prevention, impacting the health of their members.
  • Implementing digital health promotion and prevention in these settings offers opportunities to reach specific populations, reduce costs, and improve overall health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of research on digital health promotion and primary prevention in various settings.
  • To assess the scientific literature concerning applied technologies, targeted settings, and health areas.
  • To identify existing research gaps in the field.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review was conducted following the Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien framework.
  • Searched scientific databases and gray literature for publications from 2010 to January 2020.
  • Included empirical and nonempirical publications in English or German, excluding workplace health promotion and secondary/tertiary prevention.

Main Results:

  • 200 publications were included, revealing a diverse range of digital health promotion and prevention research.
  • Technologies included web-based programs, mobile apps, and telemonitoring devices.
  • Commonly targeted health areas were physical activity (40.5%), nutrition (22.5%), and sexual health (17%).
  • Settings included schools (19.5%), communities (12%), and social media platforms (31.5%).
  • Interventions often combined multiple methods, focusing primarily on behavioral changes rather than structural ones.

Conclusions:

  • The research field is heterogeneous, with a lack of clear definitions for terms like 'digital settings'.
  • Significant research gaps exist regarding structural health promotion and prevention within settings.
  • Further research is necessary to understand how digital technologies can facilitate structural changes for effective health promotion and prevention.