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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.0K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.1K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.2K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.2K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.2K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.7K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

34.6K
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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Electrically Controllable Kondo Correlation in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Quantum Point Contacts.

Luke W Smith1, Hong-Bin Chen1,2,3, Che-Wei Chang1

  • 1Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

Physical Review Letters
|January 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate electrical control of the Kondo correlation using spin-orbit interactions in semiconductor quantum point contacts. This breakthrough enables Kondo spin reversal and may enhance the Kondo temperature for spintronics applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Spintronics
  • Mesoscopic Physics

Background:

  • Kondo correlation and spin-orbit interactions are crucial for manipulating electron spins.
  • Controllable integration of these phenomena is key for advancing spintronics.
  • Semiconductor quantum point contacts offer a platform for studying quantum transport phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate electrical control of Kondo correlation via tunable spin-orbit interactions.
  • To investigate Kondo spin reversal using only spin-orbit effects.
  • To explore the impact of spin-orbit interactions on Kondo temperature and conductance scaling.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and electrical transport measurements of semiconductor quantum point contacts.
  • Engineering tunable Rashba spin-orbit interactions in the quantum point contact leads.
  • Analysis of nonequilibrium transport, specifically zero-bias anomalies, to probe Kondo effect.
  • Development of a theoretical model using quantum master equations for transport calculations.

Main Results:

  • Observed a transition from single to double peak zero-bias anomalies, indicating controlled Kondo spin reversal.
  • Demonstrated universal scaling of Kondo conductance.
  • Evidence suggests spin-orbit interactions can enhance the Kondo temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Electrical control of Kondo correlation is achievable through spin-orbit interactions in quantum point contacts.
  • This method offers a novel pathway for spintronics by enabling Kondo spin reversal.
  • The findings pave the way for enhanced spintronic devices by potentially increasing the Kondo temperature.