Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

5.2K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
5.2K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

3.9K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
3.9K
Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

5.7K
The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vertebral Body Tethering Surgery: Study Showing No Decrease in Coronal Curve Magnitude After First Postoperative Erect Radiograph in 92% of Patients.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same author

Postpartum Depression and Anxiety Screening During Ponseti Casting.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same author

The Effect of Transportation Barriers on the Risk of Relapse for Idiopathic Clubfoot.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same author

Delays in Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Management: A Comparison of Pre- and Postpandemic Trends.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same author

Limited fusion strategy for congenital scoliosis: is it truly one and done?

Spine deformity·2026
Same author

Symbrachydactyly and Sports Participation.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Response to "Intraoperative Duplex Ultrasonography in the Pink Pulseless Hand: A Useful Adjunct, But Not Yet a Decision-Making Standard".

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Pediatric Nonscaphoid Carpal Fractures: Fracture Distribution and Operative Management in an Institutional Cohort and 2 National EHR Databases.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Osteosynthesis With Barrel-Bone Grafting Technique for Failed Recalcitrant Cases of Congenital Pseudarthrosis of Tibia: Outcomes and Complications in a Series of 17 Patients.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

The Relationship Between Screw Placement and Southwick Angle Remodeling in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Characteristics of Hip Dysplasia in Adults With Cerebral Palsy.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Long-term Follow-up of Myelomeningocele Patients: Factors That Can Affect Their Walking Ability.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Remote Rehabilitation with Virtual Reality and Electromyography
04:06

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Remote Rehabilitation with Virtual Reality and Electromyography

Published on: January 12, 2024

742

Variation in Functional Mobility Within Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels.

Susan A Rethlefsen1, Alison M Hanson1, Eva Ciccodicola1

  • 1Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|January 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mobility varies within cerebral palsy (CP) classifications. The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) reveals significant differences in walking ability across Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels, especially in community and school settings.

More Related Videos

Quantified Assessment of Infant's Gross Motor Abilities Using a Multisensor Wearable
09:24

Quantified Assessment of Infant's Gross Motor Abilities Using a Multisensor Wearable

Published on: May 17, 2024

1.7K
Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
14:55

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Remote Rehabilitation with Virtual Reality and Electromyography
04:06

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Remote Rehabilitation with Virtual Reality and Electromyography

Published on: January 12, 2024

742
Quantified Assessment of Infant's Gross Motor Abilities Using a Multisensor Wearable
09:24

Quantified Assessment of Infant's Gross Motor Abilities Using a Multisensor Wearable

Published on: May 17, 2024

1.7K
Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
14:55

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Movement Science

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) significantly impacts motor function, with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) widely used for categorization.
  • However, considerable variability in functional mobility exists within each GMFCS level, often underestimated.
  • The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) provides a detailed assessment of mobility across different environmental distances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the extent of variability in walking performance within established GMFCS levels among ambulatory patients with CP.
  • To analyze this variability using the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) across different functional distances (household, school, community).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of gait analysis records from 788 ambulatory patients with CP (GMFCS levels I-IV).
  • FMS scores were examined for distribution across GMFCS levels, stratified by age (below 12 and above 12 years).
  • Statistical comparison using chi-squared tests identified significant differences in FMS score distribution among GMFCS levels.

Main Results:

  • FMS score distribution significantly differed across all GMFCS levels for all assessed distances (P<0.001).
  • GMFCS Level II showed the most variability at school and community distances.
  • GMFCS Level III exhibited the most variability at household distances.

Conclusions:

  • Functional mobility, as measured by the FMS, demonstrates significant variability within GMFCS levels for individuals with CP.
  • This highlights the necessity of employing both GMFCS and FMS for a comprehensive assessment of functional mobility in children with CP.
  • Tailored interventions considering this intra-level variability are crucial for optimizing functional outcomes.