Disruption of the pentraxin 3/CD44 interaction as an efficient therapy for triple-negative breast cancers

Yu-Wei Hsiao1, Jhih-Ying Chi1, Chien-Feng Li2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan R. O. C.

Insights

Targeting pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in cancer stroma offers a new therapeutic strategy. Inhibiting the PTX3/CD44 interaction significantly reduced triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis in preclinical models.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Cancer cells exhibit genetic heterogeneity, making targeting tumor microenvironment stromal cells a promising therapeutic approach.
  • Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in stromal cells is a potential therapeutic target, but its regulatory mechanisms require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of stromal PTX3 in cancer progression and its potential as a therapeutic target.
  • To elucidate the regulatory pathway of PTX3 expression and its downstream signaling in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Main Methods:

  • In vivo studies to assess the impact of PTX3 loss on cancer growth and metastasis.
  • Analysis of clinical data correlating stromal PTX3 expression with patient outcomes in TNBC.
  • Investigating the induction of PTX3 by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) via CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD).
  • Examining PTX3-CD44 interaction and downstream signaling pathways (ERK1/2, AKT, NF-κB).
  • Development and testing of PTX3 inhibitors targeting the PTX3/CD44 interaction.

Main Results:

  • Loss of stromal PTX3 significantly inhibited cancer cell metastasis and growth in vivo.
  • Elevated stromal PTX3 expression correlated with adverse prognostic features and poorer survival in TNBC patients.
  • TGF-β1 induces stromal PTX3 expression through CEBPD activation.
  • PTX3, via its receptor CD44, activates ERK1/2, AKT, and NF-κB pathways, promoting TNBC cell metastasis, invasion, and stemness.
  • PTX3 inhibitors effectively attenuated cancer cell growth and restricted metastasis/invasion.

Conclusions:

  • Stromal PTX3 is a critical factor in TNBC progression and a potential therapeutic target.
  • The PTX3/CD44 signaling axis plays a significant role in TNBC metastasis, invasion, and stemness.
  • Targeting the PTX3/CD44 interaction represents a novel therapeutic strategy for TNBC.