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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

1.3K
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

Location and Orientation of the Heart

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The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

112.3K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Understanding the preterm human heart: What do we know so far?

Art Schuermans1,2, Adam J Lewandowski1

  • 1Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|January 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Preterm birth impacts over 10% of live births, leading to long-term heart issues. This review explores how prematurity alters heart development and function, increasing adult cardiovascular risks.

Keywords:
cardiac remodelingcardiovascular riskprematuritypreterm hearttransitional physiology

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Preterm birth affects over 10% of global live births.
  • Long-term cardiovascular risks in adults born preterm are increasingly recognized.
  • Early life factors significantly influence the cardiac phenotype of prematurity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fetal-to-neonatal transition in preterm infants.
  • To describe structural and functional cardiac changes in preterm individuals across development.
  • To identify factors contributing to the cardiac phenotype of prematurity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental animal models.
  • Analysis of observational human studies.
  • Synthesis of recent research on cardiac development in prematurity.

Main Results:

  • Preterm birth is associated with altered heart morphology and function from infancy to adulthood.
  • A heterogeneous cardiac phenotype is observed in individuals born preterm.
  • Maternal, early, and late-life factors contribute to cardiac outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the cardiac implications of preterm birth is crucial for long-term health.
  • Early detection and intervention may mitigate cardiovascular risks.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex factors influencing cardiac development in preterm infants.