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Elevated pCO2 changes community structure and function by affecting phytoplankton group-specific mortality.

Peixuan Wang1, Edward Laws2, Yongzhi Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Collage of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.

Marine Pollution Bulletin
|January 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere negatively impact marine ecosystems. This study found that higher CO2 concentrations reduced mortality in small diatoms, potentially altering coastal phytoplankton communities.

Keywords:
Elevated pCO(2)MortalityPhytoplankton community structureSmall diatoms

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Oceanography
  • Phytoplankton Biology

Background:

  • Rising atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) poses significant threats to marine ecosystems.
  • Phytoplankton communities are crucial primary producers and sensitive indicators of environmental change.
  • Understanding the impact of elevated pCO2 on phytoplankton mortality is essential for predicting ecosystem responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effects of elevated pCO2 on the group-specific mortality of phytoplankton in a natural community.
  • To investigate how different phytoplankton groups, specifically diatoms and dinoflagellates, respond to increased pCO2 levels.
  • To determine if elevated pCO2 influences the mortality of small versus large diatoms.

Main Methods:

  • Mesocosm experiments were conducted to simulate natural marine conditions.
  • Phytoplankton communities were exposed to both high and low pCO2 treatments.
  • Group-specific mortality rates and chlorophyll a concentrations were measured and compared between treatments.

Main Results:

  • Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community, with significantly higher chlorophyll a concentrations in the high-pCO2 treatment.
  • Overall phytoplankton mortality decreased during the exponential growth phase in high-pCO2 conditions.
  • Mortality of diatoms, particularly small diatoms, was significantly lower under elevated pCO2 compared to dinoflagellates.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated pCO2 may favor the dominance of small diatoms within phytoplankton communities.
  • Changes in diatom mortality under high pCO2 can lead to alterations in coastal marine ecosystem structure.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term implications of pCO2-driven shifts in phytoplankton communities.