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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

280
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
280
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

236
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
236
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

221
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
221
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

1.1K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
1.1K
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

150
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
150
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

174
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
174

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Schizophrenia.

Sameer Jauhar1, Mandy Johnstone2, Peter J McKenna3

  • 1Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|January 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia is a complex brain disorder affecting men and women differently, with varied outcomes. Research explores its genetic, environmental, and neurobiological underpinnings, alongside current and future treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Schizophrenia presents significant etiological and therapeutic challenges, contrary to popular belief regarding its prevalence and outcome.
  • Symptoms are categorized into positive, negative, and disorganization syndromes, with cognitive impairment now recognized as a key feature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of schizophrenia's etiology, clinical features, and treatment.
  • To discuss ongoing debates and future research directions in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established findings on schizophrenia's clinical presentation, neurobiology, and genetics.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic approaches and emerging concepts in schizophrenia research.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia affects men modestly more than women, and outcomes vary.
  • Established findings include brain structural changes (ventricular enlargement, volume reduction) and functional alterations in frontal cortex networks.
  • Neurochemical disturbances (dopamine, NMDA receptors), polygenic inheritance, and early life factors are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine receptor-blocking drugs remain the primary treatment, with cognitive behavioral therapy showing limited effects.
  • Schizophrenia is increasingly viewed as an extreme of a continuum, with ongoing debates on causative factors like cannabis and childhood adversity, and the impact of early intervention.