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Increased prefrontal activity during usual walking in aging.

I Hoang1, L Paire-Ficout1, R Derollepot1

  • 1TS2-LESCOT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, F-69675 Lyon, France.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|January 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show increased brain activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during walking, even when not performing a secondary task. This suggests early compensation for age-related changes in walking automaticity.

Keywords:
AgingGaitPrefrontal activityWalkingfNIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Executive functions are crucial for complex motor tasks like walking, especially under dual-task conditions.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used to study prefrontal cortex activity during walking in older adults.
  • Limited research exists on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity changes during walking in the early stages of aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare DLPFC activity during simple and dual-task walking across young, youngest-old, and older adult age groups.
  • To investigate the neural correlates of age-related changes in gait control.
  • To identify potential early indicators of fall risk in aging.

Main Methods:

  • fNIRS was used to measure prefrontal cortex activity in 25 young (18-37 years), 25 youngest-old (55-65 years), and 25 older adults (67-87 years).
  • Participants completed simple walking tasks and dual-task walking conditions.
  • DLPFC activity and walking performance were assessed across age groups.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited increased DLPFC activity during simple walking, particularly in the right hemisphere, with no decline in performance.
  • During dual-task walking, older adults showed increased right DLPFC activity but maintained performance.
  • These findings suggest compensatory mechanisms in the DLPFC emerge even during simple walking in aging.

Conclusions:

  • Increased DLPFC activity during simple walking in older adults may reflect compensation for reduced walking automaticity.
  • fNIRS measurement of cortical activity during simple walking could serve as a biomarker for identifying individuals at increased risk of falling.
  • Early detection of neural changes associated with aging gait can inform fall prevention strategies.