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Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Children in Canada With Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease From the

Yousif Murad1,2, Te-Yu Hung2,3,4, Manish Sadarangani2,5

  • 1From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Canadian children saw a survival rate of 98.3%. While pneumococcal vaccines reduced IPD from vaccine types, non-vaccine types increased, highlighting ongoing challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to significant mortality and morbidity, especially in young children and the elderly.
  • Recurrent IPD is a rare but severe complication, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, associated with high mortality rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends and outcomes of recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease in Canadian children.
  • To evaluate the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) implementation on recurrent IPD cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 180 recurrent IPD cases in children aged 0-16 years.
  • Data collected from the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive (IMPACT) network (1991-2019).
  • Involved 12 pediatric tertiary care hospitals across three eras of PCV implementation.

Main Results:

  • High survival rate of 98.3% in the cohort of recurrent IPD cases.
  • A 26.4% decrease in recurrent IPD caused by vaccine serotypes following PCV introduction.
  • A 69.0% increase in vaccination rates among children with pre-existing medical conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced IPD incidence due to vaccine-type serotypes.
  • An increase in non-vaccine serotypes has offset the decrease in vaccine-serotype IPD.
  • Ongoing surveillance is crucial to monitor serotype replacement and vaccine effectiveness.
Abstract

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