A systematic review on trends in using Moodle for teaching and learning

Area of Science:

• Educational Technology
• Online Learning Systems
• STEM Education

Background:

• The Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) is prevalent in online STEM education, but research is fragmented.
• This review synthesizes existing Moodle research to aid educators, researchers, and developers.
• It identifies adoption patterns, research gaps, and effective online teaching strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize educational research on Moodle adoption and effectiveness.
• To identify trends, gaps, and areas for future research and development.
• To highlight innovative methods for enhancing online teaching and learning.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review using the PRISMA-P process.
• Analysis of 155 journal articles from 2015-2021, sourced from Scopus and Web of Science.
• Bibliometric analysis (Vosviewer) and thematic analysis of Moodle's educational applications.

Main Results:

• Moodle is primarily used in university STEM disciplines, improving student performance, satisfaction, and engagement.
• Increasing use for adaptive/collaborative learning and improved online assessments.
• Rapid development addresses academic integrity, security, and AI integration.

Conclusions:

• Further qualitative research is needed, especially on educators' perspectives.
• Research on Moodle in non-STEM and non-tertiary fields requires expansion.
• Future Moodle course design should integrate educational theories.