Is There Any Non-functional Training? A Conceptual Review

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Exercise Physiology
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Functional training (FT) is a popular training methodology.
• Its distinctiveness from traditional training methods is unclear.
• Existing literature lacks a consensus on FT's definition and application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if functional training (FT) differs from traditional strength, power, flexibility, and endurance training.
• To analyze the definitions, concepts, benefits, and exercises of FT programs.
• To clarify terminology in physical training for athletes and general populations.

Main Methods:

• A conceptual review of the 20 most recent papers on functional training (FT) from PubMed/Medline.
• Analysis of definitions, concepts, benefits, and exercises within FT programs.
• Comparison of FT with established training modalities like strength, power, flexibility, and endurance training.

Main Results:

• No universal definition for functional training (FT) exists.
• FT programs aim to achieve benefits already provided by traditional training.
• The exercises used in FT are identical to those in traditional programs.

Conclusions:

• The lack of a clear definition hinders the differentiation of FT from traditional training.
• Current evidence suggests FT does not offer unique benefits or employ distinct exercises.
• Recommend discontinuing terms like FT, high-intensity FT, and functional fitness training to prevent confusion.