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Retrospective Study on the Effects of Glucose Abnormality on COVID-19 Outcomes in Japan

Yuya Nishida1, Tomoya Mita2, Makoto Hiki3,4

  • 1Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. y-nishida@juntendo.ac.jp.

Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders
|January 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

High blood glucose levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan are linked to severe outcomes, including the need for invasive ventilation. This highlights glucose abnormality as a significant risk factor for poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan were analyzed for glucose abnormality impacts.
  • Glucose abnormality is a potential risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between glucose abnormality and clinical outcomes in Japanese COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine if elevated blood glucose levels predict severe COVID-19 progression.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 393 hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • Subgroup analysis based on diabetes history and blood glucose (BG) levels (≥140 mg/dl vs. <140 mg/dl).
  • Comparison of outcomes including in-hospital death and invasive ventilation.

Main Results:

  • Patients with glucose abnormality had more risk factors (obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension) and inflammation markers.
  • Elevated BG (≥140 mg/dl) was associated with increased need for invasive ventilation (11.0% vs. 3.1%, p=0.009).
  • Logistic and Kaplan-Meier analyses confirmed BG ≥140 mg/dl as a risk factor for invasive ventilation and composite outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Glucose abnormality, especially BG ≥140 mg/dl, is linked to severe outcomes in Japanese COVID-19 patients.
  • Elevated blood glucose should be considered a major risk factor for poor COVID-19 prognosis in Japan.
  • Further research into managing glucose levels in COVID-19 patients is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
Blood glucoseCOVID-19DiabetesInvasive ventilation

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