Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

10.0K

Dose-response relationship in non-pharmacological interventions for individuals with mild cognitive impairment:

Zhanfang Shao1, Mingyue Hu1, Dou Zhang1

  • 1Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Journal of Clinical Nursing
|January 31, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) like physical exercise and cognitive training significantly improve cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Optimal prescription involves specific frequencies, durations, and settings for maximum benefit.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are crucial for preventing cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • The precise dose-response relationship for NPIs in MCI remains inadequately defined.
  • Understanding optimal NPI parameters is essential for effective cognitive health strategies.

Approach:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted.
  • Data from seven databases were synthesized, including 42 studies with 4401 participants.
  • Effect sizes were calculated using Hedge's g, with subgroup analyses to identify moderating factors.

Key Points:

  • Physical exercise (g=0.536), multicomponent interventions (g=0.386), and cognitive interventions (g=0.167) significantly improved cognition in MCI.
  • Optimal cognitive intervention parameters include 1-2 sessions/week, 60-120 min/session, and ≥12 weeks duration.
  • Optimal physical exercise parameters include ≥3 sessions/week, vigorous intensity, muscle-strengthening activities, 30-60 min/session, 6-12 weeks, and community settings.

Conclusions:

  • The effectiveness of cognitive, physical exercise, and multicomponent interventions is significantly influenced by dose and delivery parameters.
  • Nutrition interventions, particularly DHA >1000 mg/day, also show cognitive benefits.
  • This research provides evidence-based guidance for prescribing NPIs to enhance cognitive function in individuals with MCI.
Keywords:
cognitive functionmeta-analysismild cognitive impairmentnon-pharmacological interventionsrandomised controlled trials

More Related Videos

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

7.7K
Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

4.9K

Related Concept Videos

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy

The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it produces...
Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors...
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic01:21

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response relationships...