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Positivity in peer perceptions over time: Personality explains variation at zero-acquaintance, popularity explains
Richard Rau1, Erika N Carlson1, Michael Dufner1
1Department of Psychology.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|January 31, 2022
Summary
Perceiver effects in personality judgment are initially shaped by individual beliefs but evolve based on social experiences within groups. Feeling liked by peers significantly influences how impressions change over time.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Personality Psychology
- Group Dynamics
Background:
- Perceiver effects, consistent tendencies to form global impressions of others, are often viewed as static stereotypes.
- Previous research has primarily conceptualized these effects as stable individual differences in beliefs about the average person.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the stability and development of perceiver effects over time within newly formed groups.
- To examine the roles of personality traits and social experiences in shaping initial impressions and their changes.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal assessment of perceiver effects in small groups of strangers over 2-3 weeks.
- Utilized second-order latent growth curve modeling to analyze initial positivity and changes over time.
- Investigated the influence of personality variables (e.g., agreeableness, narcissistic rivalry) and social experiences (e.g., feeling liked, being liked).
Main Results:
- Personality traits, such as agreeableness and narcissistic rivalry, predicted initial positivity but not changes in positivity.
- Social experiences, particularly feeling liked by peers, significantly predicted changes in positivity over time.
- Initial impressions are linked to general stereotypes, while later impressions are influenced by group-specific social dynamics.
Conclusions:
- Perceiver effects are dynamic, evolving from general stereotypes to group-specific ones influenced by social interactions.
- Social experiences, especially peer validation, play a crucial role in modifying interpersonal judgments within groups.
- Understanding perceiver effects is vital for comprehending group dynamics and interpersonal functioning.
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