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Role of microRNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma

Mehak Rajani1, Yumna Mirza2, Rohan Advani3

  • 1Centre for Innovation in Medical Education, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|January 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are key in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Understanding miRNA roles aids early diagnosis and treatment, offering accessible solutions for tumor management, especially in low-resource settings.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) constitute 30% of anterior pituitary tumors.
  • Diagnosis is often incidental or due to mass effect, highlighting a need for early biomarkers.
  • Understanding NFPA pathogenesis is crucial for progression insights and early recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of NFPA.
  • To identify specific miRNAs involved in NFPA development and progression.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for NFPA screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed for articles published in the last 10 years (until January 2020).
  • Search terms focused on micro-ribonucleic acid and non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
  • A total of 478 articles were identified, with 21 selected for this narrative review.

Main Results:

  • 106 unique micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) were identified in relation to NFPA.
  • 25 miRNAs (23.5%) were implicated in more than one study.
  • Specific miRNA dysregulations were observed: 7 up-regulated, 11 down-regulated, and 7 with variable regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-ribonucleic acids play a significant role in the pathogenesis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
  • miRNAs offer potential as accessible and inexpensive biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • miRNA-based strategies could revolutionize pituitary tumor management, particularly in resource-limited regions.
Keywords:
microRNA, Non-functioning pituitary adenoma, Pathogenesis, Pituitary adenoma, Target genes, Cell signalling pathways.

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