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Impact of microplastics on the intestinal microbiota: A systematic review of preclinical evidence
Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva1, Isadora Azevedo Oliveira2, Geovana Gabriele da Silva2
1Institute of Biological Science, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Aims:
We systematically review the in vivo preclinical evidence on the impact of microplastics (MPs) on the intestinal microbiota and morphofunctional changes involving the intestinal mucosa.
Methods:
By using a comprehensive and structured search in electronic databases 28 original studies were recovered and analyzed.
Key Findings:
Zebrafish and mice were the main animal models, while the dose and shape of MPs used were quite heterogeneous. Studies show that MPs are potential triggers of intestinal dysbiosis, which has been characterized by enrichment of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Chlamydia. Conversely, there was a reduction in Bacteroidetes phylum abundance. By trapping and stimulating intestinal inflammatory infiltrate, exposure to MPs increased intestinal permeability and the expression of immune signatures associated with inflammation, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6.
Significance:
Thus, current evidence supports potential inflammatory and dysbiotic properties of MPs. In addition, the data indicate that MPs can display structural changes secondary to exposure to MPs. Analysis of methodological quality indicated that current preclinical evidence is at high risk of bias. We hope that controlling that bias sources described in this systematic review will be useful to improve the quality of reports.
Insights
Microplastics (MPs) can cause intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in preclinical models. Further research is needed to address biases in current studies on MP effects on gut health.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental contaminants.
- Their impact on gastrointestinal health requires thorough investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review in vivo preclinical evidence on MPs' effects on intestinal microbiota.
- To assess morphofunctional changes in the intestinal mucosa.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted.
- Twenty-eight original studies using animal models were analyzed.
Main Results:
- MPs were found to induce intestinal dysbiosis, altering bacterial phyla (e.g., increased Firmicutes, Proteobacteria; decreased Bacteroidetes).
- MP exposure increased intestinal permeability and immune markers associated with inflammation (e.g., IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α).
Conclusions:
- Current evidence suggests MPs possess inflammatory and dysbiotic properties.
- Preclinical data indicate MPs can induce structural changes in the gut.
- Methodological quality of existing studies is often poor, posing a high risk of bias.
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