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Triple-negative breast cancer brain metastasis: An update on druggable targets, current clinical trials, and future
Maryam Nakhjavani1, Rasika M Samarasinghe1, Sarah Shigdar1
1School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Abstract:
The key challenges with the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer brain metastasis (TNBC-BM) are the lack of any targeted therapy and difficulties associated with drug delivery to the brain. These add to the high toxicity profile of existing treatments and the poor outcomes for patient. In this review, we introduce current drugs based on their molecular targets and look to improve brain drug delivery using more efficient and promising drug delivery systems. We describe ongoing clinical trials on druggable targets in TNBC-BM for a more targeted treatment and introduce the obstacles hindering drug delivery to the brain, bringing strategies and advancing knowledge for future steps in the treatment of patients with TNBC-BM.
Insights
Treating triple-negative breast cancer brain metastasis (TNBC-BM) is difficult due to a lack of targeted therapies and poor drug delivery to the brain. This review explores new drug targets and delivery systems to improve outcomes for TNBC-BM patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Triple-negative breast cancer brain metastasis (TNBC-BM) presents significant therapeutic challenges.
- Current treatments for TNBC-BM have high toxicity and limited efficacy.
- Effective drug delivery to the brain remains a major hurdle in treating TNBC-BM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current therapeutic strategies targeting molecular drivers in TNBC-BM.
- To explore advanced drug delivery systems for enhanced brain penetration.
- To identify ongoing clinical trials and future directions for TNBC-BM treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current drugs, molecular targets, and drug delivery systems for TNBC-BM.
- Analysis of ongoing clinical trials for druggable targets in TNBC-BM.
- Discussion of obstacles and strategies for improving drug delivery to the brain.
Main Results:
- Identification of key molecular targets for TNBC-BM therapy.
- Evaluation of novel drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles and other advanced formulations.
- Overview of promising clinical trials investigating targeted therapies for TNBC-BM.
Conclusions:
- Developing targeted therapies and improving brain drug delivery are crucial for advancing TNBC-BM treatment.
- Further research into efficient drug delivery systems and clinical trials for novel targets is essential.
- Enhanced strategies are needed to overcome the blood-brain barrier and improve patient outcomes in TNBC-BM.
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