Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 5, 2025
10:10
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Published on: July 5, 2011
43.4K
Subluxation in the Arthritic Shoulder
Frederick A Matsen1, Jason E Hsu
1Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
JBJS Reviews
|February 1, 2022
Summary
Arthritic glenohumeral subluxation, a partial joint separation in the shoulder, is measured by imaging. Its degree is not closely related to glenoid retroversion, impacting shoulder reconstruction outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Radiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Arthritic glenohumeral subluxation involves displacement of the humeral head on the glenoid surface.
- Understanding subluxation is crucial for shoulder reconstruction outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define and measure arthritic glenohumeral subluxation.
- To investigate the relationship between subluxation and glenoid retroversion.
- To clarify the clinical significance of subluxation in shoulder arthroplasty.
Main Methods:
- Measurement of arthritic glenohumeral subluxation using radiography (axillary views) and computed tomography (CT).
- Comparison of subluxation measurements based on imaging modality and arm position.
- Correlation analysis between subluxation degree and glenoid retroversion.
Main Results:
- Arthritic glenohumeral subluxation can be quantified via radiography and CT.
- Posterior subluxation may appear greater on elevated-arm radiographs compared to side-arm CT scans for specific glenoid types (B1/B2).
- The degree of subluxation shows a weak correlation with glenoid retroversion.
Conclusions:
- Arthritic glenohumeral subluxation measurement techniques are established.
- Imaging modality and arm position can influence subluxation measurements.
- Glenoid retroversion is not a reliable indicator of glenohumeral subluxation, necessitating further research into subluxation's role in shoulder reconstruction outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Muscles of the Shoulder
7.1K
The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
7.1K
01:31Muscles that Move the Arm
3.3K
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
3.3K
01:19Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
5.2K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
5.2K
01:09Functional Classification of Joints
5.2K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
5.2K
01:23Knee Joint
2.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
2.4K
01:16Structural Joints: Synovial Joints
5.1K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
5.1K