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Investigating the human jejunal microbiota.

Heidi Cecilie Villmones1, Marius Svanevik2,3, Elling Ulvestad4,5

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The jejunal microbiota in fasting obese patients is sparse and inconsistent, lacking a defined core. Oral bacteria like Streptococcus are most common, suggesting a transient microbial presence.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Human Microbiome

Background:

  • Accurate descriptions of the small intestinal microbiota are lacking.
  • Previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding jejunal microbial composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reliably characterize the jejunal bacterial microbiota in patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery.
  • To investigate the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Samples from proximal and mid jejunal segments of 60 morbidly obese patients were analyzed.
  • A combination of microbial culture, quantitative PCR, and 16S deep sequencing was employed.
  • Bacteria were identified to the species level using partial 16S sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Microbial culture indicated low bacterial density (<1600 cfu/ml) in most patients, with many samples being culture-negative.
  • Quantitative PCR revealed less than 10^4 bacterial genomes/ml in a majority of patients.
  • 16S sequencing identified oral-associated bacteria, primarily from the Streptococcus genus, with low species diversity and consistency between segments and patients.

Conclusions:

  • The jejunal mucosa of fasting obese patients harbors a limited and variable microbial community.
  • A distinct core jejunal microbiota could not be established.
  • The identified bacteria are likely transient, with overlap observed with the ileum core microbiota.