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Mitral valve prolapse: definition and implications in athletes.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|January 1, 1986
Summary
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is common but usually benign. Athletes with MVP may participate in sports unless they have specific risk factors like syncope or severe regurgitation.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Genetics
- Valvular Heart Disease
Background:
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common cardiac valve disorder, affecting ~5% of the population.
- While genetically determined, MVP manifestations typically appear in adulthood.
- The existence of a distinct MVP syndrome is debated in cardiology literature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical manifestations, prognosis, and athletic participation guidelines for mitral valve prolapse.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current understanding regarding mitral valve prolapse.
- Analysis of potential complications and risk factors associated with MVP.
- Development of recommendations for athletic participation in MVP patients.
Main Results:
- MVP prognosis is generally favorable, but complications like stroke, infective endocarditis, and sudden death can occur.
- Symptoms and complications are typically unrelated to physical activity.
- Specific criteria for disqualifying athletes with MVP include syncope, chest pain, complex arrhythmias, significant mitral regurgitation, prolonged QT interval, Marfan's syndrome, and family history of sudden death.
Conclusions:
- A permissive approach to competitive athletics for most MVP patients is reasonable.
- Disqualification from sports is warranted for athletes with specific high-risk indicators.
- Careful evaluation is necessary to balance the benefits of exercise with the risks of cardiac events in MVP.
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