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Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia and/or Hyperoxia in Humans
Johannes Burtscher1,2, Robert T Mallet3, Vincent Pialoux4
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|February 1, 2022
Summary
The human body adapts to low (hypoxia) and high (hyperoxia) oxygen levels, with applications in medicine and performance. Further research is needed to define risks versus benefits for therapeutic use of oxygen conditioning.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Biochemistry
- Medicine
Background:
- Oxygen is vital for aerobic life but causes oxidative stress, necessitating tight regulation.
- The human body exhibits complex adaptations to both low (hypoxia) and high (hyperoxia) oxygen environments.
- Understanding these adaptations is key to developing therapeutic and performance-enhancing strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of human physiological adaptations to hypoxia and hyperoxia.
- To explore the therapeutic and performance-enhancing potential of oxygen-level manipulation.
- To identify research gaps and future directions in oxygen conditioning.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on oxygen physiology and its clinical applications.
- Analysis of therapeutic strategies involving hyperbaric oxygen therapy and hypoxia conditioning.
- Discussion of emerging applications and research challenges.
Main Results:
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is established; hypoxia conditioning (HC) prepares for high altitudes and protects against hypoxic/ischemic damage.
- HC, sometimes with hyperoxia, shows promise for chronic diseases (neurological, metabolic) and performance enhancement.
- Oxygen conditioning effects are dose- and intensity-dependent, with risks and benefits requiring further definition.
Conclusions:
- Oxygen conditioning interventions hold significant potential but require careful research to define optimal parameters and individual responses.
- Further investigation into intensity, duration, frequency, and individual vulnerabilities is paramount for clinical translation.
- The field is rapidly expanding, with potential applications in aging, mood, and metabolic disorders.
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