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Prenatal Ventriculomegaly - Diagnosis, Prognostication and Management
Vivek Krishnan1, Akshatha Sharma2, Rachita Ramamurthy3
1Fetal Medicine and Perinatology, Amrita Centre of Excellence in Fetal Care, AMRITA Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Neurology India
|February 1, 2022
Summary
Fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) is an in-utero brain ventricle enlargement diagnosed via ultrasound. Its cause, progression, and associations determine the prognosis and management, including potential fetal therapy.
Area of Science:
- Perinatology
- Fetal Medicine
- Neuroimaging
Background:
- Fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) is defined as abnormal enlargement of the brain's ventricles during gestation.
- Diagnosis typically occurs in the mid-trimester, with lateral ventricle atrial diameter exceeding 10 mm.
- VM is distinct from hydrocephalus, as it may not involve obstruction or increased intracranial pressure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the definitions, diagnostic methods, and workup of fetal VM.
- To discuss follow-up protocols, prognosis, and long-term outcomes.
- To examine the role of prenatal management, including fetal therapy and surgery.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on fetal VM.
- Discussion of diagnostic modalities including ultrasound and fetal MRI.
- Analysis of factors influencing prognosis and management strategies.
Main Results:
- Etiology of VM is diverse, necessitating comprehensive evaluation.
- Fetal MRI can provide supplementary diagnostic information.
- Prognosis is contingent on etiology, severity, progression, and associated anomalies.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and thorough workup are crucial for managing fetal VM.
- Serial monitoring and tailored management plans are essential for optimizing outcomes.
- Fetal therapy, including surgical interventions, may play a role in prenatal management.
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