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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.

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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

Post-Infective Hydrocephalus.

Kanwaljeet Garg¹, Deepak Gupta¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Neurology India

|February 1, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Post-infective hydrocephalus (PIH) is a complication of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Management requires individualized treatment plans based on the specific causes and presentation of PIH.

Keywords:

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy VP shunt hydrocephalous neurocysticercosis post-infective tubercular meningitis

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Neurosurgery

Background:

Post-infective hydrocephalus (PIH) is a significant complication following central nervous system (CNS) infections.
PIH can manifest as either communicating or noncommunicating hydrocephalus.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the diverse etiologies of PIH.
To elucidate the pathophysiology of PIH.
To review current treatment strategies for PIH.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted.
Articles detailing the causes of PIH were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

Common causes of PIH include CNS tuberculosis (TB), neurocysticercosis, and perinatal/neonatal infections.
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a frequent cause, often occurring 4-6 weeks post-infection, particularly in children.
Treatment options range from medical management (antitubercular therapy, steroids) for communicating hydrocephalus to surgical interventions like ventriculoperitoneal shunts or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).
Neurocysticercosis-related PIH may necessitate cyst removal or CSF diversion, with endoscopic approaches being effective for intraventricular cysts.
PIH in infants can stem from antenatal (TORCH) or postnatal infections like meningitis.

Conclusions:

Managing PIH presents considerable challenges.
Treatment strategies for PIH must be tailored to each individual patient's circumstances.