Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

34.1K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
34.1K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

6.0K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
6.0K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

54.9K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
54.9K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

7.4K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
7.4K
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

6.8K
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
6.8K
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

15.3K
For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
15.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reconstitution of antiviral Dicer activity in vitro reveals distinct contributions of RDE-4 dsRNA-binding motifs.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

tRNA modifications in viral replication.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Ultra-Stable RNA-Based Monomolecular Triplexes.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Phosphorylation-Induced Functional Switch.

Viruses·2026
Same author

Reconstitution of antiviral Dicer activity in vitro reveals distinct contributions of RDE-4 dsRNA-binding motifs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Human RPL7 and DDX21 interact with HTLV-1 Gag and enhance tRNA<sup>Pro</sup> primer annealing to genomic RNA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

The Versatile Structural World of Methanedi- and Trisulfonic Acid and Their Salts.

ChemistryOpen·2026
Same journal

The Role of Conformational Preorganization in the Reactivity of cis-1,2-Dimesylate-bis(benzyloxy)cyclooctane: An Activation Strain Perspective.

ChemistryOpen·2026
Same journal

Epoxy Clerodane Diterpene Attenuates the Differentiated Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Enhances Mitochondrial Metabolism.

ChemistryOpen·2026
Same journal

Magnetic Nickel-Containing Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Heck Reaction: Catalyst Design, Performance, and Sustainability.

ChemistryOpen·2026
Same journal

First-Principles Design of Room Temperature Ferromagnetic Metallic Rare-Earth Zintl Compounds AB<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> (A = Ce, Pr, Nd; B = Li; C = Sb) for Next-Generation Spintronic and Magneto-Electronic Applications.

ChemistryOpen·2026
Same journal

Comparative Density Functional Theory Insights Into B<sub>16</sub>C<sub>16</sub> and Si<sub>16</sub>C<sub>16</sub> Nanocages for Sensing Oil-Derived Fault Gases in Energy and Industrial Systems.

ChemistryOpen·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

877

A Chimeric DNA/RNA Antiparallel Quadruplex with Improved Stability.

Elaina P Boyle1,2, Levan Lomidze3, Karin Musier-Forsyth1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Chemistryopen
|February 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acid quadruplexes, like the thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA), can be stabilized by specific DNA→RNA substitutions. This research enhances TBA stability, offering potential for advanced nanomachines and biotechnological applications.

Keywords:
DNARNAquadruplexstabilitythrombin-binding aptamer

More Related Videos

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

9.6K
Iterative Optimization of DNA Duplexes for Crystallization of SeqA-DNA Complexes
11:42

Iterative Optimization of DNA Duplexes for Crystallization of SeqA-DNA Complexes

Published on: November 1, 2012

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

877
Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

9.6K
Iterative Optimization of DNA Duplexes for Crystallization of SeqA-DNA Complexes
11:42

Iterative Optimization of DNA Duplexes for Crystallization of SeqA-DNA Complexes

Published on: November 1, 2012

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid quadruplexes regulate gene expression and are key components in aptamers for binding applications.
  • Understanding quadruplex structure and stability is crucial for their use in medicine and biotechnology.
  • The thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) is a well-studied monomolecular, antiparallel quadruplex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of DNA→RNA substitutions on the stability and topology of the thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA).
  • To identify specific substitution patterns that enhance quadruplex stability for potential applications.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated DNA→RNA substitutions (G→g) within the TBA sequence in the presence of K+ or Sr2+.
  • Analyzed changes in quadruplex structure and thermodynamic properties.
  • Designed and tested a chimeric DNA/RNA TBA construct.

Main Results:

  • Substitutions at syn G residues destabilized the quadruplex, while substitutions at anti G residues enhanced stability without altering topology.
  • Loop position substitutions had varied and unpredictable effects on stability but did not change the quadruplex topology.
  • A chimeric DNA/RNA TBA construct exhibited significantly improved stability compared to the all-DNA TBA.

Conclusions:

  • Specific DNA→RNA substitutions can be strategically employed to enhance the stability of nucleic acid quadruplexes.
  • The findings provide a basis for designing more stable quadruplex structures for diverse applications, including nanomachines.
  • This work has implications for advancing aptamer-based technologies and therapeutic strategies.