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Circadian rhythms and renal pathophysiology.

Rajesh Mohandas1,2, Lauren G Douma3, Yogesh Scindia1,4,5

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Modern life disrupts our internal body clocks, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. This review explores how circadian disruption impacts kidney disease, suggesting potential new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Circadian disruption, a misalignment between internal biological rhythms and the environment, is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, with kidney disease posing a significant public health challenge and contributing to cardiovascular mortality.
  • Existing treatments for kidney disease are insufficient, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence connecting circadian rhythm disruption with renal impairment in humans.
  • To focus on the impact of circadian dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, hypertension, and aging.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in the mechanisms underlying circadian dysfunction in kidney diseases and explore potential therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of data linking circadian rhythm disruption to specific renal conditions.
  • Identification of mechanistic pathways and therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological data strongly associate circadian disruption with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • Circadian dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, hypertension, and age-related renal decline.
  • The relationship between circadian rhythm and kidney disease is bidirectional, with mutual influence on disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian rhythm disruption is a significant factor in the development and progression of various kidney diseases.
  • Understanding the bidirectional relationship between circadian dysfunction and renal pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Circadian rhythm-based therapies hold promise as a novel treatment strategy for renal diseases.