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Parkinson's disease: the nutrition perspective.
Mícheál Ó Breasail1, Matthew D Smith1, Emma Tenison1
1Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK.
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|February 2, 2022
Summary
Nutrition significantly impacts Parkinson's disease (PD) management. While diet may not cause PD, its symptoms and treatments can lead to malnutrition and sarcopenia, affecting patient quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Nutritional Science
- Gerontology
Background:
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1% of individuals over 60.
- Its etiology involves genetic and environmental factors.
- Understanding nutrition's role is crucial given the aging population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between nutrition and Parkinson's disease.
- Examining dietary intake, metabolism, and nutritional status in PD patients.
- Assessing the impact of PD symptoms and treatments on nutritional status.
Main Methods:
- Literature review across three domains: dietary intake and PD development, whole-body metabolism in PD, and PD symptom/treatment effects on nutrition.
- Analysis of evidence regarding dietary intake, body weight changes, malnutrition, and sarcopenia in PD.
- Evaluation of how PD symptoms (GI and non-GI) and treatments influence nutritional status.
Main Results:
- Current evidence does not support poor dietary intake as a risk factor for PD development.
- Body weight changes in PD are inconclusive.
- Malnutrition and sarcopenia are documented in PD, though prevalence is uncertain due to definition inconsistencies.
- PD symptoms and treatments (e.g., nausea, constipation) negatively affect nutritional status.
Conclusions:
- Nutritional status is significantly impacted by Parkinson's disease symptoms and treatments.
- Further research is needed to understand the interplay between PD, comorbidities, and nutrition.
- Interventional strategies targeting nutrition can improve PD patient care and quality of life.
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