Round Atelectasis: A Peculiar Pseudotumor Seen on Echocardiogram

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Radiology
• Cardiology

Background:

• Round atelectasis (RA) is a rare disorder linked to chronic pleural effusions and pulmonary collapse.
• Asbestosis is a common cause, but heart failure and pneumonia also contribute to pleural effusions leading to RA.
• RA can mimic malignant lung conditions, necessitating accurate diagnosis to avoid aggressive tumor workup.

Observation:

• A case of RA was identified via echocardiogram in a 58-year-old female with heart failure and recurrent pleural effusions.
• Subsequent computed tomography (CT) scans also revealed the RA, presenting as a pleural tumor.
• The patient had a history of congestive heart failure and recurring pleural effusions.

Findings:

• The imaging findings of RA on echocardiogram and CT were initially mistaken for a pleural tumor.
• Radiological consultation and recognition of RA were key to accurate diagnosis.
• The condition was associated with chronic pleural effusions and pulmonary collapse.

Implications:

• Recognizing RA prevents unnecessary and potentially harmful tumor staging and treatment.
• Accurate diagnosis of RA avoids the morbidity and mortality associated with extensive cancer workup.
• This case highlights the importance of considering RA in patients with pleural effusions and suspicious imaging findings.