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Attachment Styles01:24

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Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
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Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles01:28

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Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in...
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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck01:29

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Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques II01:23

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Personality types, particularly Type A and Type B, significantly influence how individuals respond to stress. These personality distinctions are marked by varying levels of ambition, competitiveness, and coping styles, all of which shape an individual's resilience to stressors.
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
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Attachment Styles, Personality, and Frustration Intolerance.

Christian Schetsche1, Alba E Mustaca2

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

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|February 2, 2022
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Summary

This study reveals that neuroticism and avoidant attachment significantly mediate frustration intolerance (FI) in adults. Understanding attachment styles is key to reinterpreting neuroticism and its impact on FI.

Keywords:
attachment stylesfrustration intolerancepersonality traitsstructural equation modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Frustration intolerance (FI) is a significant factor in psychological distress.
  • Attachment styles and personality traits are known to influence emotional regulation.
  • Previous research suggests a link between personality and coping mechanisms, but the mediating role of attachment styles requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationships between adult attachment styles, personality traits, and frustration intolerance.
  • To determine the mediating effects of attachment styles and personality on frustration intolerance.
  • To explore how neuroticism and specific attachment styles contribute to frustration intolerance.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 300 adults participated in the study.
  • Validated instruments including the Argentine Attachment Styles Scale, Eysenck Revised Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RA), and Frustration Intolerance Scale (EIF) were utilized.
  • Two Full Latent Variable Models were developed to analyze the data.

Main Results:

  • Neuroticism and avoidant attachment emerged as the primary mediators of frustration intolerance.
  • Avoidant attachment demonstrated a significant mediating effect on anxious attachment.
  • These factors collectively explained a substantial portion of neuroticism and its influence on the four dimensions of FI.

Conclusions:

  • Attachment theory provides a valuable framework for understanding neuroticism and its impact on frustration intolerance.
  • Reinterpreting neuroticism through the lens of attachment styles is recommended.
  • Clinical interventions for frustration intolerance may benefit from addressing attachment patterns and neuroticism.