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Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: possible impact of surfactant application techniques

Pawel Krajewski1, Tomasz Pomianek2, Krzysztof Truszkowski1

  • 1Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

Ginekologia Polska
|February 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Minimally invasive surfactant administration (MISA) methods, including LISA and InSure, significantly reduced severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants compared to traditional endotracheal tube methods. These less invasive techniques are safe and effective for treating RDS.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Perinatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology

Background:

  • Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants due to lung immaturity and surfactant deficiency.
  • Effective management of RDS is crucial for improving short- and long-term outcomes in very premature newborns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of different surfactant administration techniques in treating respiratory disorders in premature infants.
  • To evaluate the impact of traditional endotracheal tube surfactant delivery versus minimally invasive surfactant administration (MISA) methods.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 198 very premature infants who received surfactant between 2009 and 2013.
  • Infants were categorized into three groups based on surfactant application: traditional endotracheal tube, InSure method, and Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA).
  • Comparison of clinical data including gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar scores across the groups.

Main Results:

  • Noninvasive respiratory support and MISA methods, such as LISA and InSure, demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of severe RDS compared to the traditional endotracheal tube method.
  • Infants receiving surfactant via LISA and InSure methods generally had higher gestational ages, birth weights, and Apgar scores.

Conclusions:

  • Minimally invasive surfactant administration (MISA) techniques, including LISA and InSure, are safe and effective in managing respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.
  • These advanced methods offer a significant improvement over traditional surfactant delivery through endotracheal tubes, reducing RDS severity.
Abstract

Keywords:
continuous positive airway pressureneonatologyrespiratory distress syndromespontaneous breathingsurfactant

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