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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
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Overt Diabetes in Pregnancy.

Alpesh Goyal1, Yashdeep Gupta2, Nikhil Tandon1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders
|February 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overt diabetes in pregnancy, a severe hyperglycemic condition, poses higher risks for adverse outcomes and postpartum diabetes compared to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Early diagnosis and aggressive management are crucial for better maternal and fetal health.

Keywords:
Gestational diabetesHyperglycemia in pregnancyOvert diabetesOvert diabetes in pregnancyPostpartum diabetesPre-existing diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Overt diabetes in pregnancy is hyperglycemia meeting non-pregnant diagnostic criteria, first identified during gestation.
  • It represents a more severe hyperglycemic state than gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe overt diabetes in pregnancy.
  • To discuss diagnostic and management implications.
  • To compare overt diabetes with GDM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted in PubMed up to January 2022.
  • Focused on English-language articles.
  • Narrative review of case studies.

Main Results:

  • Women with overt diabetes face increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes and postpartum diabetes versus GDM.
  • Aggressive management, including early insulin therapy and close follow-up, is often required.
  • Early diagnosis (first trimester) and elevated fasting plasma glucose (≥126 mg/dl) predict postpartum diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Overt diabetes in pregnancy is a distinct, more severe hyperglycemic condition than GDM.
  • It is associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • It carries a higher risk of persistent postpartum diabetes.