Mediterranean spotted fever and peripheral facial nerve palsy: a rare neurological complication

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Neurology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia conorii, prevalent in the Mediterranean region.
• Transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), MSF typically manifests with fever, rash, and an eschar.
• While generally benign, MSF can have severe or life-threatening outcomes.

Observation:

• Focal neurological deficits are uncommon in Mediterranean spotted fever.
• This report details a rare case of MSF presenting with isolated peripheral facial nerve palsy.

Findings:

• The patient's presentation of facial nerve palsy was an unusual neurological manifestation of Rickettsia conorii infection.
• This case underscores the diverse clinical spectrum of Mediterranean spotted fever.

Implications:

• Recognizing unusual neurological presentations is crucial for timely MSF diagnosis and management.
• This case expands the understanding of potential Rickettsia conorii-associated neurological complications.