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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Clostridium difficile Colonization Before and After Hospitalization in Children.

Türkay Rzayev1, Pelin Yüksel Mayda2, Tülay Erkan3

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
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Summary

Clostridium difficile infection is a growing concern in hospitalized children, with high colonization rates observed, particularly in hemato-oncology patients. Prior antibiotic use and underlying conditions increase risk upon admission.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) incidence and severity have increased globally since the early 2000s.
  • CDI development requires gastrointestinal flora disruption and microorganism ingestion.
  • Hospitalized children represent a vulnerable population for CDI colonization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Clostridium difficile colonization in hospitalized children.
  • To identify pre-hospitalization risk factors associated with colonization on admission.
  • To assess the impact of hospital-acquired factors on colonization at discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 106 pediatric patients (2-18 years) with diverse hospital diagnoses.
  • Stool samples were collected on admission and discharge.
  • C. difficile toxin A/B was detected in stool samples.

Main Results:

  • Overall C. difficile toxin A/B positivity was 24.5% and 48.1% in hemato-oncology patients.
  • Pre-hospitalization antibiotic use and underlying diseases correlated with C. difficile colonization on admission.
  • Data on discharge colonization factors were collected.

Conclusions:

  • Toxigenic C. difficile colonization is highly prevalent in hospitalized children.
  • Hemato-oncology patients exhibit a significantly higher colonization rate.
  • Early identification of risk factors is crucial for managing CDI in pediatric hospital settings.