Surgical and Functional Outcomes of En Bloc Resection of Sacral Chordoma: a Retrospective Analysis

Conventional chordomas occur most commonly in the sacral region. Currently, wide local excision remains the only hope for a cure in this disease. However, given the substantial morbidity caused by sacrectomy, a delicate balance needs to be established. This study elaborates our experience in managing these complicated cases with the help of a multidisciplinary team approach and outlines the various surgical and functional outcomes of sacrectomy. This was a retrospective observational study. Ten cases of biopsy proven sacral chordoma underwent en bloc resection by a posterior approach from 2011 to 2018 after multidisciplinary evaluation. Data collected and analyzed included demographics, extent of the disease, and operative parameters such as operative time, estimated blood loss, level of vertebral resection, level and number of the most caudal nerve roots preserved, surgical margins, soft tissue, or spinal reconstruction. Postoperative outcomes included time to recurrence and neurological function at 1 year. Mean size of the tumor was 116.1 mm. Three (30%) patients had positive margins. The median time to recurrence was 32 months. Four patients eventually succumbed to the disease due to local or distant recurrence. Bladder and bowel functions were excellent in those with preserved S3. Two patients remained wheelchair bound; the rest were able to walk with or without support. Management of sacral chordoma remains an onerous journey for both the treating surgeon and the patient. A multidisciplinary team approach, with careful preservation of sacral nerve roots, negative surgical margins, and excellent postoperative rehabilitation, can achieve optimum results.