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The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among HIV Patients

Grace Wambura Mbuthia1, Karani Magutah2, Stephen T McGarvey3

  • 1College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000- 0200, Nairobi, Kenya.

International Journal of Hypertension
|February 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension is prevalent in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients in Kenya, with risk factors including age over 40, male sex, alcohol use, and obesity. Antiretroviral therapy did not influence hypertension rates.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Sub-Saharan Africa faces a dual burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
  • Individuals with HIV have a 1.5-2 times higher risk of developing CVD risk factors.
  • Hypertension is a significant driver of the escalating CVD epidemic in SSA, yet its prevalence among HIV patients in Kenya remains under-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypertension among HIV patients receiving care at Thika Level 5 Hospital Comprehensive Care Clinic (CCC) in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • To identify factors associated with hypertension in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving a review of patient records from the Thika Level 5 Hospital CCC.
  • Included adult patients seen within the last six months.
  • Hypertension defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg on two separate readings; overweight/obesity defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m².

Main Results:

  • Out of 939 HIV patients, 68.8% were female. The median age was 44 years.
  • Hypertension prevalence was higher in males (25.3%) than females (16.9%).
  • Factors associated with hypertension included age >40 years (AOR=2.80), male sex (AOR=2.10), alcohol consumption (AOR=2.56), and overweight/obesity (AOR=2.77). Antiretroviral therapy regimen and duration showed no association.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence of hypertension exists among HIV patients in Kenya.
  • Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, not ART specifics, are linked to hypertension in this group.
  • Integrating hypertension management into routine HIV care is crucial.
Abstract

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