Cellular Senescence in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Aging Research
• Cellular Biology

Background:

• Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading global cause of mortality.
• Cellular senescence is emerging as a key factor in the pathogenesis of various age-related cardiovascular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the mechanisms of cellular senescence in the cardiovascular system.
• To examine the role of senescent cardiovascular cells in age-related CVDs.
• To review therapeutic targets and interventions for modulating cellular senescence in cardiovascular disorders.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on cellular senescence and cardiovascular diseases.
• Discussion of the involvement of specific senescent cardiovascular cell types (cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, T cells).
• Analysis of regulatory pathways (SIRT1, mTOR) and context-dependent effects of senescent cells.

Main Results:

• Cellular senescence contributes to diverse cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and cardiac aging.
• Senescent cardiovascular cells play multifaceted roles, exerting both beneficial and detrimental effects.
• SIRT1 and mTOR are identified as key targets regulating senescence in cardiovascular disorders.

Conclusions:

• Cellular senescence is a critical mediator in age-related cardiovascular diseases.
• Therapeutic interventions targeting senescent cells show promise for preventing and treating cardiovascular conditions.
• Understanding the context-dependent functions of senescent cells is crucial for developing effective treatments.