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Comparative analysis of magnetic induction based communication techniques for wireless underground sensor networks.

Pratap S Malik1, Mohamed Abouhawwash2,3, Abdulwahab Almutairi4

  • 1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.

Peerj. Computer Science
|February 3, 2022
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Summary

Magnetic induction (MI) communication offers a robust solution for wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), overcoming limitations of electromagnetic (EM) waves. This study compares MI techniques for enhanced underground data transmission.

Keywords:
Electromagnetic waveMagnetic inductionPath lossWaveguideWireless underground sensor networks

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wireless Communication
  • Sensor Networks

Background:

  • Traditional electromagnetic (EM) wave communication faces significant challenges for underground sensor networks due to signal absorption and variable channel conditions.
  • Magnetic induction (MI) techniques have emerged as a promising alternative for reliable underground communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elaborate on three fundamental MI communication mechanisms: direct MI transmission, MI waveguide transmission, and 3D coil MI communication.
  • To provide a comparative analysis of these MI techniques against each other and against EM wave methods for wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs).

Main Methods:

  • Detailed discussion of the working principles, advantages, and limitations of direct MI, MI waveguide, and 3D coil MI communication.
  • Comparative analysis of different MI techniques and EM wave methods based on key performance indicators.

Main Results:

  • MI techniques offer enhanced transmission ranges up to 250 m with reduced path loss (<100 dB).
  • Achieved working bandwidth of 1-2 kHz and demonstrated omni-directional coverage.
  • MI methods provide improved channel reliability compared to traditional EM approaches in underground environments.

Conclusions:

  • MI-based communication is a viable and effective solution for wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs).
  • The comparative analysis aids in selecting the optimal MI technique for specific WUSN applications, ensuring enhanced performance and reliability.