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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...

Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...

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Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye

Encapsulated Cell Technology for the Delivery of Biologics to the Mouse Eye

Published on: March 30, 2020

Oral drug delivery for immunoengineering.

Tien Le¹, Brian Aguilar², Joslyn L Mangal³

¹Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA.

Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

|February 3, 2022

Summary

Novel biomaterials enhance oral immunotherapeutic delivery, overcoming GI barriers to improve bioavailability for treating immune-related diseases. This approach boosts patient compliance and immune response generation.

Keywords:

immunotherapy oral bioavailability oral immunotherapeutic delivery oral vaccination

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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Immunology
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Systemic immunomodulatory drug efficacy depends on administration route, with injections being common.
Oral immunotherapeutics offer advantages like ease of use and patient compliance but face bioavailability challenges.
Biological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract limit oral immunotherapeutic absorption and systemic targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in biomaterials and drug delivery for enhancing oral immunotherapeutic bioavailability.
To explore how novel delivery platforms can be used to treat immune-related diseases.
To highlight the potential of oral delivery for systemic immune targeting.

Main Methods:

Discussion of current progress in biomaterial synthesis for oral drug delivery.
Analysis of immunoengineering breakthroughs in vaccine and therapeutic delivery systems.
Review of strategies to overcome gastrointestinal biological barriers.

Main Results:

Cutting-edge biomaterials are being developed to combat GI barriers and improve drug bioavailability.
Advancements enable localized drug absorption for modulating immune responses.
New delivery systems show promise for disease prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer.

Conclusions:

Biomaterials and drug delivery systems are crucial for enhancing oral immunotherapeutic availability.
Novel platforms offer potential for effective systemic targeting of the immune system.
Oral immunotherapeutics hold significant promise for managing a range of immune-related diseases.