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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
497
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Tuberculosis pathophysiology and anti-VEGF intervention.

David P Maison1

  • 1Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.

Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases
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PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis pathophysiology involves complex bacterial-immune interactions. Novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies, used in cancer treatment, show promise for tuberculosis intervention.

Keywords:
Anti-VEGF anti-VEGFRGranulomaMycobacterium tuberculosisTreatmentTuberculosisVascular endothelial growth factor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen.
  • TB pathogenesis involves complex bacterial-immune interactions leading to systemic lesions.
  • Understanding TB pathophysiology is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of tuberculosis.
  • To explore the potential of repurposed anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies for TB treatment.
  • To present a rationale for anti-VEGF intervention in TB based on case studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of TB pathophysiology, including bacterial invasion and host immune response.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival within host cells.
  • Examination of existing anti-VEGF cancer therapies and their potential application to TB.

Main Results:

  • TB pathophysiology progresses through stages: aerosolization, phagocytosis, replication, immune response, granuloma formation, and active disease.
  • Anti-VEGF therapies, targeting angiogenesis, are proposed as a novel approach to combat TB.
  • Case studies support the theoretical basis for anti-VEGF intervention in TB treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Repurposing anti-VEGF agents represents a promising pharmacological direction for TB treatment.
  • Targeting host-pathogen interactions via anti-VEGF may offer new therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate anti-VEGF therapy for tuberculosis.