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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

368
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
368

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High-Powered Magnet Exposures in Children: A Multi-Center Cohort Study.

Leah K Middelberg1, Julie C Leonard1, Junxin Shi1

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High-powered magnet exposures in children surged after their 2016 market return, causing significant harm and requiring extensive medical interventions. These magnets pose serious risks despite intended use for older individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Consumer Product Safety
  • Medical Device Epidemiology

Background:

  • High-powered magnets were removed from the US market in 2012 but returned in 2016 following federal court decisions.
  • The return of these magnets has been associated with an increase in exposures, yet outcome data remain limited.
  • Previous Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) protections were overturned due to cited imprecise data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiology of high-powered magnet exposures in children seeking medical care.
  • To analyze the outcomes associated with these exposures following the magnets' reintroduction to the market.
  • To provide data on pediatric magnet ingestions and insertions.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted.
  • Data were collected from 25 children's hospitals across the United States.
  • The study included patients aged 0 to 21 years with confirmed high-powered magnet exposure between 2017 and 2019.

Main Results:

  • 596 patients with high-powered magnet exposures were identified, with 95% being under 14 years old.
  • Magnet ingestion was the most common exposure (96.3%), leading to life-threatening morbidity in 9.6% of cases.
  • Nearly half of patients required endoscopy or surgery (46.3%), and over half required hospitalization (55.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Despite being marketed for individuals over 14, high-powered magnets cause significant morbidity in children.
  • These exposures necessitate a high rate of invasive interventions and hospitalizations.
  • The study highlights the ongoing risks associated with high-powered magnets in the pediatric population.