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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

A Protocol for Bioinspired Design: A Ground Sampler Based on Sea Urchin Jaws
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The "sand watch" mandible.

M C Rusu1, M D Stoenescu2,3, M Butucescu4,5

  • 1Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. anatomon@gmail.com.

Folia Morphologica
|February 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unusual mandible anatomy, termed the accessory submandibular fossa, was identified in two patients. This rare finding, where sublingual tissue herniates through the mylohyoid muscle, may increase fracture risk and requires personalized implant procedures.

Keywords:
cone-beam computed tomographyendosseous implantsmandiblemental foramenpremolar teethsublingual fossa

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The lingual surface of the mandible typically features submandibular and sublingual fossae separated by the mylohyoid line.
  • The mylohyoid line serves as an attachment for the mylohyoid muscle.
  • Mylohyoid boutonnières, allowing passage of sublingual tissue, are less frequently discussed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on two cases of unexpected mandibular morphology.
  • To describe the 'accessory submandibular fossa' and its formation.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of this rare anatomical variation.

Main Methods:

  • Routine examination of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) files for anatomical studies.
  • Identification and analysis of two cases with incomplete mylohyoid lines and herniated sublingual tissue.

Main Results:

  • Two cases presented with incomplete anterior mylohyoid lines.
  • Herniated sublingual tissue created an 'accessory submandibular fossa' inferior to the mylohyoid line in the premolar region.
  • This anomaly resulted in a 'sand watch' contour of the mandibular body on coronal slices.

Conclusions:

  • The identified accessory submandibular fossa represents a rare anatomical variation of the mandible.
  • This morphology may predispose the mandible to fracture.
  • Dental implant procedures in patients with this variation require careful, personalized planning.