Accessory anterior ethmoidal nerve and artery: a cadaveric case report

The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) is an important surgical landmark for procedures involving the anterior cranial fossa. Many variations in the location and branching pattern of the AEA have been reported throughout the literature. These anatomical variations are important for surgeons to be familiar with as injury to the AEA can lead to massive haemorrhage, orbital haematomas, and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Anatomical landmarks such as the ethmoidal foramen can be used to identify the location of the AEA; however, it is also important to consider that the foramen may have variable presentations. If there is ever difficulty with identification of the AEA, surgeons should pursue a high-resolution computed tomography to minimise the risk of surgical complications. In this report, we present a rare case of a variant accessory anterior ethmoidal artery and nerve, and variations in the ethmoidal foramen found during cadaveric dissection.