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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
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Preservation of cognitive function after brain irradiation.

Haripriya Parapparambil Surendran1, M P Narmadha1, Sruthi Kalavagunta2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice : Official Publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners
|February 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Radiation therapy for brain metastases can cause cognitive decline. This review explores the mechanisms of this decline and highlights memantine as a potential strategy to preserve cognitive function in cancer survivors.

Keywords:
HA-WBRTMemantineSRSWBRTcognitive functionimpairmentradiosurgerywhole brain RT

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Radiation oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Brain metastases affect a significant number of cancer patients.
  • Radiation therapy (RT) is a common treatment for brain metastases.
  • Cognitive decline is a frequent and debilitating side effect of RT, impacting survivors' quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the underlying pathology and mechanisms of cognitive impairment following brain irradiation.
  • To evaluate existing strategies for preserving cognitive function in patients undergoing RT for brain metastases.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar).
  • Keywords included 'memantine,' 'brain metastases,' 'radiation therapy,' 'pathophysiology,' 'pathogenesis,' 'mechanism,' and 'prevention.'
  • Articles focusing on the pathology of radiation-induced cognitive impairment and preservation strategies were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Vascular hypotheses are considered significant contributors to radiation-induced cognitive decline.
  • Pharmacological agents, including memantine, have been investigated for their potential benefits.
  • Existing data suggests memantine may be beneficial in preserving cognitive function during radiotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to assess memantine's efficacy across various RT modalities.
  • Investigating the impact of memantine on the quality of life for brain metastatic survivors is crucial.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of radiation-induced cognitive impairment is essential for developing targeted interventions.