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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
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The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
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Muscles of the Thorax01:25

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The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
The diaphragm is at the core of thoracic musculature, the primary muscle involved in breathing. This expansive, dome-shaped muscle marks the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles
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Digastric musculus sternalis.

Shallu Garg1, Tulika Gupta2, Daisy Sahni3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|February 3, 2022
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Summary

A rare variant muscle, the musculus sternalis, was found in the anterior chest wall. Accurate knowledge of this hybrid muscle is crucial for medical professionals interpreting imaging and performing surgery.

Keywords:
Anterior chest wallMuscleSternalisThorax

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Morphology

Background:

  • Anatomical variations of the human musculoskeletal system are well-documented.
  • The musculus sternalis is a rare variant muscle located in the anterior chest wall.

Observation:

  • An aberrant muscular structure, identified as musculus sternalis, was observed during routine cadaver prosection.
  • This variant muscle presented as two muscular bellies united by an intermediate tendon, situated anterior to the pectoralis major muscle on the left side.

Findings:

  • The observed musculus sternalis lacked any bony attachment.
  • Histological analysis suggested a hybrid nature, with the superior belly originating from the prepectoral mass and the inferior belly from the ventral longitudinal muscle column.

Implications:

  • Radiologists, angiologists, and surgeons must be aware of this anatomical variant to avoid misinterpretation of mammographic images as pathological masses.
  • Knowledge of the musculus sternalis is significant for safer surgical interventions and reconstructive procedures in the chest wall.