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Microplastics captured by snowfall: A study in Northern Iran.

Sajjad Abbasi1, Mustafa Alirezazadeh2, Nastaran Razeghi3

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland.

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Summary

Microplastics (MPs) were detected in fresh snow across northern Iran, with fibers being the most common type. Snowfall effectively removes MPs from the atmosphere, highlighting its role in environmental MP transfer.

Keywords:
AtmosphereDepositionFibresFluxPrecipitationScavengingSnow

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) are a growing environmental concern.
  • Atmospheric deposition is a known pathway for MP transport.
  • Limited research exists on MP contamination in snowpack.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify microplastic concentrations in fresh snow from northern Iran.
  • To characterize the types, shapes, and polymer composition of MPs in snow.
  • To assess the role of snowfall in atmospheric microplastic scavenging.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of 34 fresh snow samples from 29 diverse locations in northern Iran.
  • Analysis of thawed snow for microplastics using established techniques.
  • Identification of polymer types via μ-Raman spectroscopy and surface analysis using SEM-EDX.

Main Results:

  • Microplastic concentrations ranged from undetected to 86 MP L⁻¹ (mean ~20 MP L⁻¹).
  • Fibers were the dominant MP shape, with nylon being the most abundant polymer.
  • MPs in snow were larger and more diverse than those typically found in rainfall, showing signs of weathering.

Conclusions:

  • Snowfall is a significant mechanism for scavenging microplastics from the atmosphere.
  • Both local and distal sources contribute to the microplastic load in snow.
  • Further research is needed to understand the full impact of MPs in snow on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.