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Trauma patients with a positive marijuana screen (pMS) showed a reduced risk of mortality. This finding held true for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and younger adults, suggesting a potential protective effect of marijuana in trauma care.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma care and emergency medicine
  • Pharmacology and toxicology
  • Public health and epidemiology

Background:

  • Increasing incidence of trauma patients with positive marijuana screens (pMS).
  • Previous studies show varied effects of marijuana on patient outcomes.
  • A statewide analysis indicated decreased mortality for ICU trauma patients with pMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between a positive marijuana screen (pMS) and mortality risk in all trauma patients.
  • To test the hypothesis that pMS is linked to a decreased risk of mortality.
  • To analyze subgroup effects in ICU patients and younger adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the 2017 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database.
  • Compared adult trauma patients with isolated pMS to those negative for drugs and alcohol (nDS).
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression, controlling for predictors like age, sex, and injury severity.

Main Results:

  • 16.4% of tested patients had an isolated pMS.
  • pMS patients were younger but had similar injury severity scores (ISS) compared to nDS patients.
  • Multivariable analysis revealed a lower risk of mortality for pMS patients (OR 0.79).

Conclusions:

  • Trauma patients with pMS demonstrated a decreased associated risk of mortality compared to nDS patients.
  • This reduced mortality risk was observed in subgroups of ICU and younger patients.
  • Further clinical and basic science research is needed to understand the underlying pathophysiology.